Going From Foreigner to Japanese Citizen

Sometimes it can be tough fitting in, especially as an outsider. One of the toughest parts about going to Japan is feeling out of place or not belonging in Japanese society.

But fear not! You aren’t the only person who’s ever gone through this cycle of culture shock, and you definitely won’t be the last.

So let’s take a look at fitting into Japanese culture, everything from the initial culture shock to deciding to become a full-blown Japanese citizen.

First Stage: Culture Shock

When I was thinking about doing the JET Program, a representative from the program visited my school and gave a little presentation to everybody who was interested. I was really surprised when he straight-up told prospective JET-ers that it’s not only normal, but expected that you’ll get frustrated with Japanese culture and homesick for your native country.

JET even has a 4-stage description of culture shock on its site, breaking down what culture shock looks like:

experiencing anxiety, lack of self-confidence, panic attacks, loss of initiative and spontaneity, excessive anger over minor things, strong desire to associate with people of their own nationality, and isolation.

“Man, I hate being an outsider in a strange, new culture!”

But this kind of culture shock is usually just a little bump in your visit to Japan. Given enough time, most people adjust and get right back to loving Japan and its culture, moving into what JET calls “Adaptation and Biculturalism.”

Seconds Stage: Longer Stays

The longer you stay in Japan, the more the situation changes. Some people stay in Japan for years for work, study, or personal reasons. And over time, people usually go back to that feeling of culture shock and begin to wonder about certain things:

“Do people accept me? Am I acting Japanese? Am I fitting into society? Can anybody hear what I’m thinking right now?”

There was a great discussion of this topic last year that got kicked off by YouTuber and gaijin-in-Japan bobbyjudo:

[yframe url='www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rsai8W1qq0']

bobbyjudo, watch out for that kappa! It’ll suck your insides out your bum!

After that video, tons of people responded with their own videos and thoughts. The Gakuranman did a great roundup of the responses from the Japan YouTube community.

The people in the Gakuranman roundup are a lot smarter than I am, so you should check out what they have to say if you’re interested.

Third Stage: Turning Japanese

Some people love Japan so much that they decide to permanently become a part of Japanese society by becoming a citizen. Why? I’d say typically for family reasons (marrying a Japanese person), but there are tons of other reasons too.

Take Donald Keene, for instance. Donald Keene is knows pretty much all you need to know about Japan after studying and living in the country for decades. Keene has even received honors from the motherlovin’ Emperor himself. And this year, at the age of 88, Keene is to abandon his native United States and resettle in Japan for the rest of his life as a Japanese citizen.

Talk about dedication.

“Haha yeah, me and ol’ Akihito go way back!”

Obviously, becoming a Japanese citizen isn’t something to take lightly. Citizenship is an incredible commitment, and in the case of becoming a Japanese citizen, you have to do a lot more compared to countries like the United States. Not only do you have to adopt a Japanese name, but you have to renounce your citizenship from your native country.

Like I said, it takes commitment.

There are even websites like Turning Japanese that give you step-by-step guides about how to become a legal Japanese citizen.

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Have you been to Japan and experienced culture shock? What have you done to deal with it? Tell me about it in the comments!

P.S. Are you, like Donald Keene, also a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun? Follow us on Twitter.
P.P.S. Maybe you’ve received an Order of Culture instead? Check us out on Facebook or Google+!

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  • Anonymous

    Isn’t Permanent Residency just as good? I think you’re allowed to keep your original citizenship but you can’t vote or do some other things.

  • Dy~

    Thanks for the post Hashi! I’ve had culture shock before, but on a much smaller scale; around my middle school to high school years I’ve had to move cross country multiple times and it does suck for a short while. But, like I said it’s on a much smaller scale i.e. the languages and laws are mostly the same, now I can only imagine some of the permanent residents and other foreigners frustrations. 

  • http://twitter.com/jomann Joseph Lindsay

    Do you think people who are just anime fans and are blinded by sub-culture should be discouraged before doing something as drastic as this? While japan is great I think there are a lot of young people who do not understand what it even means to be a japanese person.

  • http://abagfullofsweetdelights.blogspot.com/ sweetdelightss

    I’m so glad you posted about this. I had been wondering about all those Jvloggers and if they ever really feel “accepted” in Japan. Seeing that Japan is not quite the cultural melting pot that the United States is it is understandable that they are more resistant in accepting foreigners. Even the United States is not immune to this and still is very much a problem in South yet with race.

    It kinda sucks that its that way but its also reality. The foreigners currently in Japan, like the Jvloggers, are in a sense paying the way for other foreigners.

    Great Post!

  • Strawberrymilktea

    I had been wanting to go to Japan for years,and made arrangements to study abroad for a few months(alone and it was the first time I was away from home). I thought it would be the greatest thing, and I was so scared and often felt out of place and alienated. Even though everyone was super sweet, I just felt like being home. It was really ridiculous! But then I finally got over it after the first week of landing there. I am seriously considering living and working in Japan, but I wonder if I would actually go through with the process. It is difficult to leave the place where you were raised. Still Japan is pretty awesome, maybe just live there for a  few years. Then move to Orgeon and hang with you guys :)
    Great article Hashi, this is right up my alley! 

  • Dy~

    I think the hardcore anime fans probably should be withheld this sort of information, at least until their rose colored glasses fade a little and they learn about themselves before thinking something as drastic as this. The world isn’t all “です”.

    *edit* I don’t mean withheld, that’s just to harsh, but discouraged definitely

  • Shibuya_Enjin

    The culture shock did hit me, it felt like somebody had winded me. I never experienced the wanting of being with my own kind. To tell you the truth, I wanted to avoid them! The way I overcame this was just try to blend in. 

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    To get citizenship in Japan, you have to live in the country for at least five years (unless you’re married to a Japanese citizen). I think anybody who spends that much time in Japan will have a decent grasp on Japanese culture and should recognize the level of commitment citizenship entails (even if they’re an otaku :p).

  • Gigatron

    This is exactly the kind of post I was looking forward to seeing here. I have plans to move to Japan with the intention of staying for life and becoming a citizen. I’ve done my research and been very discouraged at times by these same feelings of potential isolation and fears of not fitting in. But I still feel the need to do this. I can’t stand where I live now, it’s simply not home to me. I cannot make the effort to live here, so I’m going for broke and having a go at living in the country I feel will make me happiest in search of a more rewarding life. I am fully prepared to give up my current citizenship (good riddance to it, I say) and take this commitment. But still, I can’t shake the fear of never being seen as a fellow citizen…

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    Good point, I should have covered Permanent Residency too. I was trying to cover the most extreme degrees of integrating into Japanese culture, but including Permanent Residency would make this post more comprehensive.

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    Yeah, it’s funny how you can experience culture shock even in your own country. But, like you said, it’s a bit better than the culture shock you feel when going to a whole other country.

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    I agree, the Jvloggers’ videos about this topic are really really interesting. I’m glad that they put up all those videos to help the rest of us understand the situation for foreigners.

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    Haha, we’ll see you in Oregon :p

  • GUNDAM1849

    Great post, ummm. I always wanted to go japan. but i wanted to know  more info on japanese culture and culture shock and law and stuff. before i go over there.

  • Anonymous

    Yes, definitely experienced the whole horrible process of visiting/moving to another country, I guess it’s only horrible to some people…. but most people don’t know what their getting themselves into before they do it, so it’s definitely a shock to everyone.

  • Gabriel_D

    Applied for the JET program myself this year. Calls for interviews in a month or two. Here’s hoping I get to experience the culture shock in the first place!

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    Good luck with the interviews!

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    Yeah, it’s helpful to know what you’re in for BEFORE you experience that culture shock.

  • http://twitter.com/zoomingjapan zoomingjapan

    Definitely need to watch those videos!!
    I’ve been here in Japan for 4 years now.
    I could by now write a book about it, honestly!
    I never had a culture shock at all.
    However, I live in a VERY small city (really in the boonies) and there aren’t many foreigners.
    I get stared at like WOAH although I’ve been living in the same place for 4 years.
    I had grandmothers shocked and going the other way, kids pointing and shouting “gaaaaaaaijiiin”.
    I don’t stick out that much. I’m female with dark hair and eyes and have been mistaken for a Japanese from behind many times.
    My Japanese is almost fluent, too. On the phone they always think I’m Japanese anyways.

    One thing for first-time comers: As Western foreigner you’re always considered to be American until you prove them wrong!!
    I’m German and once they find out they’re usually relieved.

    For foreign girls like me it can be very difficult to get into a relationship.
    All the Western guys come here for the Japanese girls and the Japanese men are often not interested (too afraid) of foreign girls *sigh* …

    Sorry for the long rant! ^^;

  • http://twitter.com/fembassist Jenny

    I thought about becoming a Japanese citizen but it seems like I’ve had nothing but problems here. First you either have to be fluent in the language or don’t care about learning it to make friends here. Being in between these two extremes causes problems because people will either talk to you like a native and you have no idea what’s going on, or they’ll just speak English to you, and treat your learning as just a cute trick.

    Second, you’ve got to have a full time job to support yourself. Unless you’re more valuable than a native Japanese at a job, you’ll have a hard time convincing someone to hire you.

    After four years of being in Japan, I’m ready to move on just because I need a full time permanent job to help me save for my future.

  • Ricky

    No culture shock here.

    I’ve been in Japan 6 years and can’t speak Japanese. But I’ve never felt like an outsider. I actually forget that I’m in Japan sometimes. It doesn’t really seem that much different to me. Then again I spend all day with my head in a computer, working with my clients from back home, so maybe that’s why :)

  • kuyaChristian

    I know this is steering away from Japan a little bit, but I’ve also experienced culture shock when I moved here in the United States from the Philippines. Everyone was soo open and they’d just give hugs to each other in here, as opposed to my native country where mostly people are conservative and just plain ridiculous. Along with having a thick accent, I thought that I would never blend in with American culture. Oh well, 8 years later and I’m doing fine now.

    As for Japan, I’ve always wanted to study there seriously. I hope that my experiences growing up at an Asian country will help me a little bit if I ever have the chance to go to Japan. Though it’d be kinda tough for me because I’m aware that the Japanese aren’t as forgiving to Filipinos. T____T

  • https://profiles.google.com/havill Eido Inoue

    Hello. Thanks for the shout-out to the Becoming legally Japanese blog. I own/run/manage that particular blog, although a team of ten (all naturalized citizens) contributes to it.

    Anyway, I agree with everything this post says about how big of a deal it is. So much so, that the latest post on the blog is inspired by this one, saying the same thing (naturalization is not something that one should do until you’re settled down and on a very comfortable and stable path in Japan, because it should be considered a permanent action).

    The primary reason most people from developed countries naturalize to Japanese is because they have so much invested in Japan for so long (emotionally, financially, career, and family) that uprooting and emigrating to another country, even your home country, would be profoundly painful on many levels (emotional aspects and stability aspects).

    More important than the right to vote to most people is the absolute, unconditional right to be in Japan, whenever you please for whatever reason for however long. PR almost gives you that, but not quite (ex. your reentry permit runs out while you’re outside the country). Also, from a diplomatic point of view, if you’re overseas and get into some sort of trouble (that is not your fault), the Japanese government goes to bat for you, as you are “one of their own.”

    There are other reasons too: the right to hold office — yes, there are a few westerners in Japan that hold local positions and national positions in the House of Councilors, the right to some sensitive jobs in government that require citizenship, the ability for your offspring to acquire Japanese citizenship etc by nature of your nationality/bloodline, easier clearance for loans, easier to set up / join some ventures requiring a percentage of Japanese nationals, etc.

    Anyway, thanks again for the plug!

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    Hey, no problem! Being pretty unfamiliar with the naturalization process, reading through your blog was a real treat. Thanks so much for sharing all your experience!

  • susanne

    Over here, you can get your cultural shock just by going to the next larger city:

    they speak different, maybe even a different language, they have
    different laws, different tax forms, different ways to becoome a citizen
    and a different school systems….

    It’s quite bad to loose your old citizenship in order to be able to get a new one.
    Germany only allowed one citizenship until End of 1999.
    In Switzerland Swiss women who got married to a foreigner lost their citizenship until 1988. Since 1952 at least they could go to the Swiss government and repatriate.
    Until 1988 foreign women became immediately Swiss by marrying a Swiss man.
    Nowadays they have to wait at least 3 years before they can apply.

    Foreigners have to stay 12 years in the country, to get the citizenship. Some communes aks that you stay over 10 years at their place to be eligible to apply!
    This is just nuts! They also do this tests about Knowing culture and stuff. I was reading some of the questions and found out, I wouldn’t pass, without learning…

    The movie Die Schweizermacher http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Swissmakers shows how it was to become a citizen in the seventies and before. Not everything shown in the movie just was fun though. In the meantime I’m glad it’s differnt.

  • Knicky

    I’m glad you mentioned that part about the language issues. Its not THAT easy to become a citizen. Not only do you have to live in Japan for at least 5 years but, if your NOT marrying a Japanese person and are just wanting to “become Japanese” you also have to pass a language test, usually the JLPT N2 is enough but if you haven’t taken that test they can give you a government issues exam that is just as tough (maybe tougher) from what I’ve heard. So I highly doubt that very many of the typical Naru-tards (no offense to any Naruto fans, just most of the ones I know don’t have any grasp on Japanese beyond “Baka” and “Ramen” and technically ramen isn’t even a native Japanese word)…those guys wont make citizenship.

  • Nicole Bergström

    As far as culture shock and that goes, you’ll experience it once you’ve been here long enough, to some extent. You will also be very much aware that you will always be the foreigner, even if you stay here for the rest of your life and adapt to the culture perfectly and even get permanent residence.
    I was told by 2 friends that I have turned Japanese, for how I’ve adapted since I came here 6 months ago, but at the same time, I will always be considered “gaijin-girl”, because of how I look and of course because I’m not from here either. It gets obvious when you walk down the street and notice how the people that are handing out flyers are turning away and pretending not to see you when you walk by..
    Or for that matter; when you try to talk to someone in Japanese and they reply “Oh sorry, my English is very bad!”.
    I think, to stay in Japan, you have to get used to the idea of never fitting in, because you will always be like the weird kid in school (of course it doesn’t help that I’m “weird” no matter what country or culture you turn to, so I’m exceptional here, haha). People will look at you, some will run away when they see you coming and some will roll their eyes and think “Ah, stupid gaijin” when you make another huge public mistake like groping your Japanese boyfriend in public.. -cough-
    I think the best thing you can do, for your own sanity, is to accept the situation and not let it get to you.
    When I first got here, it fellt like everybody was looking at me (and in reality, they were so it’s not just me being paranoid) and thinking mean thoughts (which some of them probably were as well). Now I’ve been here for 6 months, and I don’t notice it anymore. It’s not worth it to over-think it and obsess about it, because people will keep doing the same thing, either way. Get used to the fact that you are like a spider from the amazon – interesting, scary, exotic and dangerous.

  • LinLinhwang

    Doesn’t Hashi mean star? Idk, just a guess.

  • ジェームズ

    I’m studying in Japan now, and have been here for about a semester. Right now, it’s winter break and I’ll be gearing up for semester two in a few weeks. I’ve definitely gone through the culture shock, and sometimes I still get frustrated and irritated. There are times where I just really wanna go home, but then I fall back into place here. It’s just on and off. I love Japan, but I am definitely looking forward to being back home again, too.

  • Peter

    i’m irish and am thinking of moving to japan, and i’m not really worried about never fitting in because i’ve got my trusty half asian caucasian decent in my back pocket. language is what worries me though, and i’m excited to see whether i do get a culture shock, it’l be a character builder and a personal test.

  • http://www.facebook.com/aut.icus.5 Aut Icus

    Aloha Hashi. Ive read your post on becoming a Japanese Citizen and I see that your still posting comments about it. I was wondering if you could feel me in on some questions that I have about trying to relocate to Japan. My wife is a Japanese National and she along with my children live in Japan. They moved back there about 1 1/2 years ago. My children have dual citizenship since they were born in Hawaii. I wish to be with my family and have been trying to find federal Employment at one of the military bases in Japan but so far with no luck. I am a federal Employee now but as of right now, I feel its more important to just be with the family. I know that if I was living in Japan that I would be able to find work. Its just trying to find work there while living in Hawaii is proving to be more difficult. Is there a way that the Japanese Government would allow me to move to Japan first and then locate Employment second giving the situation that my wife and children live there now? What are the basic requirements for a U.S. Citizen to be considered to relocate?

  • http://www.tofugu.com/ Hashi

    I’m sorry, but I really don’t know anything about Japanese immigration and visa policy and can’t really help you out.

  • https://profiles.google.com/havill Eido Inoue

    Hi, sorry for the late reply to an old thread, but I wanted to add that this is not 100% true. There is an unofficial barrier of “third grade Japanese” (as in Japanese elementary school 3rd grade, not 3rd grade JLPT). They will only give you this test if you are having difficulty communicating with your case officer and the case officer doubts your Japanese ability from conversing with him/her.

    Source: me and others who have done it (my Japanese ability was not formally or informally tested, and I successfully naturalized). OTOH, I am comfortable communicating, reading, and writing Japanese.

    More info: http://goo.gl/6vy5V

  • Meimei

    Is there a thread on permanent residency? I’d love to visit Japan and I might want to move there (in my opinion it seems much better than America, no offense). But since I have family here, I’m thinking I really shouldn’t give up my us citizenship…

  • http://www.facebook.com/catherine.cole.716 Catherine Cole

    Oh my gosh me too. I want to be a citizen too and I’m learning Japanese as we speak. Um..I can’t really find any sources on research though. ><; Maybe google Japanese culture for me or..something …heh heh.

  • Guest

    I think some clarification is needed. You aren’t required to pick a Japanese name to become a citizen, but you are required to have your official name be written in a Japanese script. So if your name is “Steve” you don’t have to switch to a Japanese name like Takeshi, but you would have to alter it so that it fits in with the Japanese writing system, so your new official name would be Sutiibu (スティーブ)

  • http://www.facebook.com/jeremy.rawley Jeremy Rawley

    Why don’t they allow dual-citizenship? What do they think is going to happen?

  • Andreas

    I live in Greece as a foreign worker from Asia. Years I’ve spent here studying and now working. I also kind of ready to give up hope at times when I feel weaker and give in to what others think and not what I need to survive. Complex, the not fitting-in feelings, discriminations. I’m of many generations of chinese descent from Indonesia (pls don’t be mean as to tell me “hey just go away to china” as though it was a light matter). I found this blog by chance, it is interesting. I can say that what so many foreigners or Japanophiles have experienced there in Japan is exactly mirroring of what I’ve been through here as a foreigner once aspired to settle down in a “better” land. Nowadays the world has become more challenging to us internationalists, and countries well-known for their “homogeneities” are showing up and be more exposed on the internet.

  • Bambisensei

    I don’t agree with you saying that Japanese men are often not interested by foreign girls, maybe you say that because you live in a small town so there are not many opportunities to date someone. But I can say with the few experience I have of Japan ( one year of an university exchange in the Kansai area ) that as long as you’re not ugly, fluent in japanese and acting naturally, there’s a bunch of guys ready to date you and not only because they want to have a “foreign” experience ! If the guy is shy, you take the initiative lol ! What’s the most difficult is keeping a long relationship though :), but isn’t that a first world couple problem ?

  • KazumiNaka

    This post is amazing.
    I am moving to Japan next year, Starting with studies, then work.
    My Japanese is good, so the language won’t be a problem.
    Many Japanese friends of mine have asked me countless times if I am Japanese.
    Surprisingly enough, I am not.
    Well, As far as I know. Because of the fact that my mother is adopted, we do not know much about her biological parents and so on.
    Anyway, by “fitting in” is it enough to look slightly Japanese, speak the language well, and be aware of everything when it comes to the way of acting and the culture? Or is it more to it?
    As far as I have experienced (by my trips to Japan) I haven’t felt as an outsider at all.
    So hopefully I will be a Japanese citizen one day.

    Which reminds me, Is the chance bigger if you marry a Japanese and/or have kids with a Japanese?
    Simply a question out of curiosity.