The Long, Difficult Trail

First, before we start, I just want to mention that the path is long. The path doesn’t end tomorrow. It doesn’t end next month. It goes for a while… arguably a lifetime, depending on where your standards are at, so you need to be ready for the long haul. To make things worse, after your initial downhill hike everything becomes an uphill climb.

There is good news, though – the longer you stick with it, the stronger your legs will get (paralleling your mind, and how it gets stronger as you practice learning, in this case, Japanese).

Now, if you had a giant mountain or hill to climb, what do you think the best way to do it is? Climbing for 8 hours all at once, one day a week? Or, how about climbing a little bit every day? I’d definitely go for the second option. Your legs will get stronger, and they won’t atrophy while you sit there doing nothing the other 7 days. Consistency wins this race. Hopefully you’ll remember that. If you aren’t consistent, and you don’t do a little bit every day, none of the strategies below will help you one bit. If you are, well, then you should try these out.

Here are some things you can do to make Japanese obvious. Some of it will be review for you and some of it (hopefully) will be new to you. Either way, though, this kind of thing is a good reminder for all of us to stay consistent with our studies.

5 Actionable Ways To Make Japanese More Obvious

I’m going to go over each way fairly quickly, but hopefully thoroughly enough for you to get started. It’s Thanksgiving Holiday for a lot of you out there starting tonight, so what a better time than now to spend a little time learning Japanese?

Get A Good SRS

At Tofugu (and even on TextFugu) we use Anki, though there are other SRS (that’s spaced repetition software) applications and websites out there as well (We just reviewed Memrise, in fact). Really, though, it doesn’t matter too much as long as the program you’re using does a few different things:

1. It helps you to study things you don’t know more often.
2. It keeps track of time so that you have cards that are “due” to study.
3. Optional: Preferably it also doesn’t give you multiple choice. Multiple choice teaches you to “narrow down the answer” not to pull the memory out of your head. It’s much better to have to come up with the answer from nothing (or a mnemonic) otherwise it’s nothing like real life.

Now, the reason a good SRS is important for making Japanese obvious is because of the consistency. One study session means nothing. 365 study sessions? That means a ton. Plus, with a good SRS you study the things you need to study and the things you know get put away for a long time so you don’t have to see them very often (very efficient!). Over the course of a long time you’ll learn a lot and with this knowledge you’ll become consciously competent. From there, it’s only a matter of time before Japanese becomes obvious.

Start Studying Sentences

Sentences are a great way to study. They include grammar, vocab, and conversational Japanese… this is stuff you can use. There are various ways to study sentences but most likely the easiest way would be to search for a Japanese sentences deck on Anki. Just doing a search myself found quite a few good looking ones. The 8555 Japanese Sentences one looks like a really good one, if you don’t know where to start.

Doing this every day will get you really far – while there’s something to be said about vocab (and I will say something about vocab next!) sentences will be incredibly helpful to you over time. The more you learn, the more the puzzle pieces of Japanese will start to come together. The more puzzle pieces you have, the more obvious it becomes where to put the next piece, without even having to think about it.

Some tips to make sentence studying better:

• Say the sentences out loud.
• Be strict. If you don’t remember / know even one little part of the sentence mark it as wrong so it comes back (don’t worry, you’ll get it the next time!).
• Really having trouble with the reading for a sentence? Try RhinoSpike.
• Sentence study is probably best for lower to middle intermediate learners of Japanese. Beginners will be overwhelmed.

Be Efficient About Vocab Learning

Vocab is great. The more vocab you know, the more you can communicate. If you only know vocab and don’t know any grammar at all, you can still kind of talk to someone. If you only know grammar and don’t know any vocab, you can’t do that. So, vocab is important… The most important question you should ask yourself shouldn’t be “how do I learn vocab” – instead, it should be “in what order should I learn vocab?”

I’ve done a lot of the work for you (if you’re an Anki using person, at least), but the smartest thing to do is to learn in order of “most commonly used” to “least commonly used.” Let’s hark back to the “Puzzle Pieces” example again. Some pieces are more important than other pieces. Edge pieces, for example do a ton to help you place the center pieces. “The Most Common Vocab” are like those side pieces. If you put those down first (i.e. learn them first) you can put everything else down more easily. Basically, 10% of all the existing vocab make up 90% of the benefit… so, why not learn those first? Makes everything else easier, and you can start using everything a lot faster too.

So, in this case, Quality > Quantity in order to win and make Japanese more obvious.

Make Mistakes

Making lots of mistakes is super beneficial to your learning. For some reason schools punish people for making mistakes. Really, though, they should be encouraging people to make mistakes, because the more mistakes you make, the more you learn (at least as long as you’re paying attention to your mistakes and not repeating them too often).

Being scared of making mistakes will stop you from learning. If you freeze and cringe every time you mess up, you’ll be stuck at the back of the line, so to speak. So, to make Japanese obvious, you have to make a lot of mistakes. How would someone go about doing that, then?

One great way is to use Lang-8 … and use it A LOT. You write journal entries in the language you’re learning (Japanese) and then native Japanese speakers correct your journal entries for you. It’s pretty awesome, but not made for someone who isn’t really into their mistakes. If you’re a lower-mid intermediate level Japanese student (or higher) you should use Lang-8. Every time someone corrects a mistake, figure out why they corrected it that way. Starting to see a pattern? Well, then you aren’t learning from your mistakes.

Generally, though, you should try not to be afraid of messing up. Embrace mistakes and you’ll be able to move forward a lot faster. If you fear mistakes then you’ll also never progress, and that’s no good for our consistency mantra, right?

Explain Things To Others

It’s one thing to learn something, it’s a whole other thing to tell someone about it (and have it make sense). Having to explain / teach something you’ve learned makes you think about it in a totally different way. You have to process things that you “just know” into things that follow some sort of order. If you can teach something, then you understand it as well. Things you teach tend to be a lot more obvious to you than things you can’t teach.

Not everyone has a friend they can sit down and teach everything they’ve learned (booooring), but luckily in this digital age there are ways to replicate this and gain sort of the same effect. By starting a blog, YouTube channel, and so on, you can write up lessons on the things you’ve learned. Hey, you never know – perhaps someday you’ll gain an audience as well. Wouldn’t that be fun?

But, try to spend some time teaching what you’ve just learned right after you’ve learned it. Even if it’s only 10 minutes per day. It will raise questions about things you didn’t know as well as you thought you did and allow you to learn various concepts more in depth when you research them later, filling in the gaps.

So, teach teach teach… and you shall learn learn learn. Also, you’ll be making ambiguous things in your mind obvious, and that’s a great thing.

Obvious Enough For Yah?

Obviously there are more “obvious” things for you to do to help make your Japanese more obvious, but I hope the tips above will help you to get started. Really what it comes down to is consistency, and if you are smart about your learning you can add that to your arsenal as well.

What things do you do to help make Japanese more “obvious” to you? What actions get you one step closer that other people can do too? Share them in the comments below.

Oh, and don’t know Japanese but would love to learn? Try out TextFugu (plus, members get all those super-efficient vocab decks free).

P.S. If it wasn’t already obvious, you should follow us on Twitter.
P.P.S. Obviously Twitter isn’t good enough for you. How about Facebook, then?

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To fling poo, or not to fling poo. That is the question.

In previous “Obvious” posts, we’ve gone over both the idea of achieving and noticing more epiphanies (because all people need to have X number of epiphanies to level up your Japanese) as well as striving for confusion (because people who are confused are actually learning more than those who aren’t confused). We’re going to build on both of those in this “Making Japanese Obvious” article by taking a look at the idea of “Conscious Competence.” Don’t worry, it only sounds boring. It’s really quite interesting, I think, and something all Japanese language learners will (and need to) run into. It’s much better if you know about it.

What Is “Conscious Competence”?

When you’re learning something new (especially something like Japanese) you go through various stages. One of them happens to be Conscious Competence. Conscious Competence is a great place to be, which is why we’re talking about it. Let’s break up the two words:

Conscious: When you’re aware something’s happening

Competence: When you’re good / decent at something (i.e. you’re competent in it).

“Conscious Competence” is when you know you’re good at something. In the case of this particular article, you are aware that you are good at Japanese. Or, at least, you know what you need to do to get better. That’s good, because you can always move forward, one step at a time.

In order to get to this point, though, there are other steps everyone has to take, whether you’re learning Japanese or you’re learning underwater basket weaving. Conscious Competence just happens to be a really important step in the big picture of things. To help you understand this, we need to take a look at “the stages of learning.”

The Stages Of Learning

You go through several stages when you’re learning. They are the following:

Unconscious Incompetence: This is when you first start out. You have no idea what you’re doing, and everything is fun and exciting. You are unconscious of your incompetence (i.e. you have no idea you’re bad, and everything you do seems great).

Conscious Incompetence: This is when you’ve studied a bit, and you’ve learned enough to know that you’re not very good at Japanese. You finally have enough knowledge to look at yourself and say “omg, I don’t know this this this this and that. Crap.” This is where most people quit, because they think they’re “bad” or “terrible at learning Japanese.” The problem isn’t that you’re bad at Japanese, the problem is that you’ve learned enough (you’re learning, that means you’re winning, really!) to know what you’re not good at, so it only seems like you’ve gotten worse. Actually, you’ve gotten better.

Conscious Competence: This is what we’re talking about in this chapter. Conscious Competence occurs when you know enough to know what to do. When you don’t understand something, you know where to go in order to understand it. You know what to do, and you can solve any problems. Doesn’t mean it’s easy, but you’ve fought through the incompetence to get to the other side.

Unconscious Competence: This is when you’re so good you don’t even know you’re good. The Japanese language (and learning it) has become second nature, and learning has become easy and fluid. This is awesome-sauce stage. You really want to get here, though it will take hard work and persistence.

So why, out of these four, is Conscious Competence so important? Let’s find out.

Conscious Competence

Conscious Competence isn’t the end goal but it is the goal, I think. Unconscious Competence happens when you’ve gone through enough Conscience Competence. Conscious Incompetence happens when you haven’t built up enough competence to reach a conscious state of competence.

People generally quit before they get to Conscious Competence as well. If you reach Conscious Competence, then you’ve learned all you need to learn in order to get what you need when you need it.

Let’s take another look at the graph thingy.

Conscious Incompetence is the lowest of the low. You don’t have that initial excitement, and you don’t have the knowledge to be better at studying Japanese. If you’re going to quit at learning Japanese, you’re going to do it here, most likely. This, I’d say, is week two or three, sometime after learning hiragana, for most people.

Next Week: How To Reach Conscious and Unconscious Competence

So, I think the big question now is how do you reach Conscious Competence? There’s no one way to do it, but there are some great ways to help get you there. A lot of it comes down to consistency, perseverance, and a hard head, but there are certain ways to speed things up for yourself as well. It’s not easy, that’s for sure, but if it was everyone would know Japanese like the back of their hands.

Right now I’m putting together strategies that I’ll share with you next week on reaching these states of competence. Not everyone will get there, and not everyone is meant to get there, but we can do quite a few things to make your odds better as well :)

Have any of you seen yourself going through these phases? Where are you right now (or, where do you think you are…?).

Have no idea where you are because you’ve never started learning Japanese before? You should try TextFugu, where you get guided through the whole competence process. Want to know more about conscious competence, the above graph, and more? The Dip by Seth Godin covers all this and is a really interesting (and inspiring) book that covers this sort of thing.

See you next week!

P.S. We try to be consciously competent on Twitter

P.S.S. Our Facebook skills, however, are somewhat consciously incompetent.

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Confusion = Understanding

Eric Mazur, famous Harvard physics education researcher, recently did a keynote at ICER 2011 (you can read more about the whole keynote here). Of course, he talks about education – I also hear he’s a pretty smart frood.

The part of the keynote that I thought was particularly interesting (at least when it comes to this series of “Making Japanese Obvious“) was the bit on “confusion,” where confused people actually answered the questions more correctly than those who stated they weren’t confused (by quite a bit, too).

He asked students a couple of hard questions in a test (on things they hadn’t faced previously). Then, afterwards, he asked if they were confused or not confused. These are the results.

By quite a large margin, “confused” students did better than students who weren’t confused, which I think tends to go against common sense (at least until you think more about it). So let’s do just that (and think about it).

When it comes to new concepts, if you’re confused you tend to know more than if you’re not confused. Assuming that Mazur is right in saying that students aren’t a very good judge of their own knowledge (I’d tend to agree with that, which is why I like it when Anki tells you how knowledgable you are for you), those that are not confused are often simply just remembering things incorrectly or plain wrong (at least 75ish percent of the time).

Those who are confused on the other hand get the answer right around 50% of the time. It’s not perfect, but it’s certainly better than 25% of the time, which is how often “not-confused” students got the answers correct.

It’s an interesting idea, just because most students associate “not being confused” with “knowing the content.”

So, if we believe all of this, then the goal is to become confused. If you’re confused, then you’re showing understanding, even if it’s a partial understanding (I don’t think anybody can say they understand everything just from watching a demo or reading something). It shows you’re learning and that you know enough to be confused in the first place. People who aren’t confused just don’t know enough to be confused, I think.

Getting Confused

So if that’s the case, we should be trying to get confused while learning and studying Japanese. The words “trying to get confused” don’t seem like words you’d hear often when it comes to academics, but I think it’s one of those things that will get you ahead if you shoot for it.

One thing I’d love you to try and change in your mind is this. Try to think about it before you begin studying (anything) until it becomes a part of your identity.

Confusion is a natural part of learning. If I’m not getting confused then I’m not learning enough.

Remember the last “obvious” post where we talked about epiphanies in Japanese and learning? The idea of getting confused goes hand in hand with this. Without confusion, you won’t have epiphanies. If you don’t have epiphanies, Japanese will never become “obvious” to you. Confusion and epiphanies are things that must happen when you learn. If they don’t happen, you aren’t learning enough or challenging yourself (or, you just think you know what you’re doing, but perhaps you don’t).

Point is, confusion is great, and you should embrace it, not fear from it.

Creating And Tackling Confusion

Now, of course, you don’t want to be confused all the time. You want to reach that point where “Japanese is Obvious” and confusion is a thing of the past. Confusion is for new concepts, but once you get through the confusion and learn something well, it’s no longer confusing… it’s obvious.

Everyone’s going to be confused by different things. I can’t really tell you exactly what to do to create more confusion in your studies. I can tell you that if you aren’t consistantly confused by things, then you should challenge yourself more, because you’re probably taking things too slow. That could mean learning more, studying harder things, or it could just mean you’re avoiding things that give you trouble. People who avoid the things that give them trouble (and confusion!) don’t get better, unfortunately. It’s something you must face, and if you don’t you’ll fall behind.

Confusion’s your friend, not something to be scared of.

In fact, I think confusion is something you can learn to love. The problem is that most schools beat confusion out of you. The goal in school is to study for the test… to get that A+ rating and to pass your classes. The goal isn’t to learn and to enjoy learning, so you learn to avoid the confusing stuff and do just well enough to get the grade you need (or your parents need).

With a lot of you and Japanese, however, you’re doing it for your own enjoyment. You’re not doing it to pass a test or anything like that. You’re doing it for you. We’re naturally wired (until it’s taken out of us) to get joy out of solving problems and fixing things… that’s been shown again and again in various studies. Confusion is part of that process, and solving problems that cause confusion will release all sorts of great chemicals in the brain as a reward. Once you learn to enjoy learning for the sake of learning, confusion won’t be so scary anymore. Confront it as much as possible. Confusion is great.

So, try this before you head back off onto other things. Make a list of the things that confuse you (especially if it has to do with learning Japanese). The things that confuse you are things you have some knowledge in (that’s a good sign). Now, figure out what you need to do and what you need to solve to make these things go from confusing to obvious.

Can you try to tackle one of those things right now?

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Little Epiphanies Big World

A while ago I wrote the article “When Learning Japanese It’s All About The Little Victories.” This is kind of like that, but this time we’re focusing on epiphanies. Oh, just in case, here’s the definition of epiphany.

A sudden, intuitive perception of or insight into the reality or essential meaning of something, usually initiated by some simple, homely, or commonplace occurrence or experience.

Basically, it’s something you realize all of a sudden. Now, most people usually think about big, life changing epiphanies when they think about epiphanies. But, I don’t think these are particularly helpful when it comes to language learning. Little epiphanies are where the progress is at – the problem is that you just don’t notice them too well. Just the act of noticing little epiphanies (they really do happen quite often, as long as you get little enough) will change your outlook on your progress through life (as well as your progress through the Japanese language).

Now, why do you want to have more epiphanies? How is that helpful to learning Japanese?

Unfortunately, I don’t have studies, science, or really anything else to back this up. Just personal experience. Here’s what I think:

In order to learn Japanese, you have to have X number of epiphanies before Japanese becomes “Obvious.” This is when things just sort of make sense on their own. It’s a magical moment, but a moment you probably won’t notice right away, because it will sneak up on you.

To have X number of epiphanies, you need to:

• Study and do the right things.
• Study enough / be exposed to enough Japanese.

This is all pretty general and unhelpful, but I hope at least you agree that you have to do the right things in order to get epiphanies. Also, bear with me on the idea that you need “X number of epiphanies” to reach the “obvious” point. I don’t know what “X” is, but it’s a pretty big number. Everyone has to have the same epiphanies (as in… “ohhh, so that’s how that grammar works!”) to progress towards obvious land… though some people will experience bigger or smaller epiphanies for different things.

Anyways, what I’m trying to say is that people have to have these epiphanies. What’s really important is the question of how to get them and how to notice them. The more you notice the epiphanies, the more you can do with them. The more epiphanies you end up having (remember, everyone has to have the same epiphanies, pretty much!) the closer you’ll be to “obvious.” Let’s look at those questions – I think they’re a lot more interesting… and helpful!

Noticing Your Epiphanies

One thing I want you to try is to pay close attention to your epiphanies. I believe epiphanies are happening all the time, you just have to think smaller.

There are two things that I think make it a lot easier to notice them, though.

1. Paying attention (duh)
2. Writing down things you don’t understand

Paying attention seems simple enough, but it’s actually really hard. You have to constantly be thinking “am I realizing something?” throughout the entire day, and that gets difficult to do until you do it enough (and it just becomes a natural question in your head). Whenever you feel confusion, or something similar, you should automatically get ready to notice your epiphany. When you have one, think through it and how you came to it in your head. Eventually, you’ll actually get better at having epiphanies. Epiphanies are the steps towards greater understanding – you want to have a lot of these if you can.

To make this even easier, I’d recommend writing down things you don’t understand. I’m talking about everything (Japanese included). Bring a small notepad with you wherever you go or set up Evernote on your phone. Writing things down that you don’t understand is a lesson in humility and a lesson in epiphanies. You should go through your list every day and take note of the things you understand (between the time you wrote them down and the time you looked at them again). Then, think back to how you came to that understanding. What epiphany brought you over the edge? What epiphany made that concept make sense? Think through the epiphany and slow it down (usually they come on pretty suddenly!) so you can figure out how you reached that point of understanding.

Eventually you’ll get better at noticing and analyzing epiphanies. You’ll actually get good at having epiphanies, because you’ll learn the things that give you epiphanies, and therefor give you more knowledge (dare I say you’ll get an epiphany about it?).

Having More Epiphanies

More isn’t always better, but when it comes to epiphanies I think the more the merrier. You’ve learned how to start noticing your epiphanies (as well as how to analyze them so you can set yourself up to have them more easily) so now it’s time to look at ways to have more epiphanies, especially with your Japanese learning. These are just some suggestions, and not everything will work with everyone, but I imagine most Japanese studiers will get something out of at least one of these. In general, these all just follow good study habits as well, so nothing here will be a bad thing to try.

Write Down The Things You Don’t Understand

Already mentioned this above, so I won’t harp on it long. Use Evernote, it’s pretty much the best note-taking software ever. I use it for everything, including Japanese. If you write down the things you don’t understand, you can focus on the things you don’t understand (rather than avoid them… or ignore them). When it comes down to it, people who get better at the things they don’t understand or aren’t good at are the ones who win in the end. The people who ignore the things they don’t understand are the ones who end up falling apart later on. Why? Because these people avoid the difficult epiphanies, and everyone needs to have these epiphanies in order to progress.

Study Consistently

Studying consistently will garner you more epiphanies than studying eight hours all at once for one day a week, even if you’re only studying 30 minutes a day instead (totalling 3.5 hours a week of study, versus the eight). Why? Because it allows your brain to rest and think on things. Also, it brings up reminders more consistently, meaning things you don’t understand have a much higher chance of breaking through. Studying consistently (rather than in bursts) is just about the best thing you can do for your Japanese. Why? Because it creates more opportunity for the epiphanies you need to move forward and get better.

Make Things Small

Shooting for the big epiphanies is a mistake. Shoot for the small stuff – they add up automatigically into the big stuff without you knowing (that’s why “obvious” status will sneak up on you!). Don’t make your goals gigantic, make them small. Achieve your goals often. Anki is one of many great tools for this. Anki is best when taken in smaller doses on a daily basis. It can take ten thousand vocab words and give them into small chunks (just enough, not too many). It also brings things back to review, depending on how well you answered the card before, giving you every opportunity you need to have a small epiphany. Nothing huge or gigantic here… just small epiphany after small epiphany after small epiphany after… oh, wait, did I just learn 10,000 words?

Finding Your Epiphany Groove

It’s easy to do a lot of this stuff… but it’s hard to notice epiphanies. It’s sometimes hard to have epiphanies. But, with a combination of consistency as well as analysis of yourself (how did I have this epiphany? What did I do to get here? etc) you’ll get better and better at it. Some people think that “smart” people are smart because they’re naturally smart. That’s totally untrue. Smart people are smart because they practiced being smart. They got better at learning than you, so learning is a lot easier for them.

Noticing and having epiphanies is the same thing. You can learn to have epiphanies. You can learn what sets them off, and do the right things to make them happen more. If you practice at it every day, you’ll get better and better, and soon you’ll find that learning is a breeze, and that you understand things you’ve never thought possible to understand.

So, take it all in stride. Start now. Do it little by little. You’ll be surprised at what you come to realize.

P.S. Oh! Epiphany! Tofugu is on Twitter.

P.P.S. I bet you already know Tofugu’s on Facebook, though.

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That Is So Obvious!

I should have known that big square thing was up to no good…

A few months ago I read an article titled “You Don’t Understand Something Until You Think It’s Obvious.” I’ve had a little time to mull on it, and I’ve been finding more and more examples of why this is important with Japanese learning (and not to mention any other language as well).

In the above article, Bassett talks about math and programming, but a lot of it is applicable to Japanese as well. I’d say the main point of his article is that when you’re learning or doing something (in his case math or programming) you struggle with a bunch of little things and have a bunch of little epiphanies until you reach the point where things are “obvious.” When things are “obvious” you can look back and be like “oh, jeepers, that was easy. I should have been able to do that much more quickly” (yes, I am assuming you talk like Shaggy from Scooby Doo).

The idea is that there’s a lot more to learning something and getting to the point where it’s “obvious” than meets the eye. To most people, it seems like a bunch of random actions leading up to the “obvious” result (if you even manage to get here at all, to be honest). The more I think about it, though, the more it seems to me that there are a lot of things all Japanese learners share with each other in terms of their journeys to “learning Japanese.”

On the other side of the spectrum, there are also a lot of things that a lot of people do that actually hurt their quest to make Japanese obvious. Like, a lot of things… not to mention really big picture things that can make or break the end result for you. I want to cover these things too, so that you run into fewer walls that could potentially end your Japanese learning career.

After realizing all this, I started writing one big “Making Japanese Obvious” post where I talked about all these different things. Then, I got to the 1000th word and was only about a tenth done. That’s when I decided I ought to break this post up (this here is part one).

So, over the next couple months I’ll be posting about “Making Japanese Obvious” in an attempt to help you to reach that beautiful peak yourself. A lot of the info actually parallels what I do in TextFugu, but now I’ll be writing these crazy learning theories out so that you can all benefit from them in at least a sort of abstract sense while you’re studying Japanese on your own. Either way, I hope it’s going to be incredibly helpful.

How We’ll Make It Obvious

I have probably 7-10 posts worth of content in my head around this subject, and I’m hoping to get it all up in the next one to two months. I’ll be posting at least one of these “Obvious” tagged posts every week (possibly more, though we’ll see) and they’ll all come back to the central theme of how to “Make Japanese Obvious.” Why? Because when it’s obvious, you know it. The hard part (and the part we’ll be covering) is the whole “how to get there” portion of things.

So, mull on that a bit. Over the next few days, think about things you think of as “obvious.” How did you reach that state? It might seem like magic… but there were certain things you did to get there. What are you good at? What did you have to do to make it obvious? How can you apply that to other things in life? Noticing little things like this that are normally hidden can really give you a boost – that’s exactly what I hope to do with Japanese learning for you with these “Obvious” posts. Because the more you know, knowing is half the battle…

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See you soon, obviously.